We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. The predominant effector systems in the various cardiac structures are summarized in. Adenosine may also be degraded to inosine by ADA (Figure 2). Differences in chronotropic and dromotropic responses of the SA and AV nodes to adenosine and acetylcholine. Taken together, current data demonstrate that although adenosine levels are highest during wakefulness (Table 9), adenosine is a sleep-promoting agent. Several nucleotide precursors of adenosine, such as ATP and adenosine diphosphate (ADP), act at P2 receptors, but the monophosphate, AMP, which does not act at any of the P2 receptors, is weakly active as an agonist of ARs. When ATP is metabolized for energy production due to increased energy demand, adenosine levels increase. Adenosine, a natural metabolic substance, is ubiquitous in all living cells. Second, we provide details about adenosine-mediated signal transduction pathways in various cardiac cell types. The nucleoside is metabolized to AMP by adenosine kinase, to inosine by adenosine deaminase (ADA), or to S-adenosyl homocysteine (SAH) by S-adenosyl homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH). Pharmacological and biochemical aspects of.
The role of adenosine in the regulation of coronary blood flow. A new approach to the differential diagnosis of a regular tachycardia with a wide QRS complex. Termination of focal atrial tachycardia by adenosine triphosphate. Adenosine A2A Receptor. It has been shown in chronically instrumented dogs that the relevant adenosine concentration at the site of action remains below threshold levels even at high levels of exercise.
Adenosine is a potent vasodilator, and is released by vascular tissue in response to ischemic or hypoxic stimuli suggesting a compensatory autocrine/paracrine role. Comparative effects of adenosine triphosphate on accessory pathway and atrioventricular nodal conduction. Gerard A Rongen. The function of adenosine most relevant for this volume is as an endogenous promoter of sleep. Adenosine activates a potassium conductance in guinea-pig atrial heart muscle. To provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of adenosine-mediated cardiac cellular electrophysiology and how information about these mechanisms can be used to facilitate diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to various clinical arrhythmias. Radboud University Medical Center, The Netherlands .
Pharmacologic production of atrioventricular block with and without initial bundle branch block. Adenosine may also suppress adenylate cyclase activity through the P site by increasing intracellular AMP. Longdom Group SA Avenue Roger Vandendriessche, 18, 1150 Brussels, Belgium Phone: +34 911 877 608Email: [email protected]. Many are testing adenosine in the nuclear laboratories as a substitute for exercise or dipyridamole in patients with ischemic heart dis- ease. Cardiac arrhythmias. This transporter is responsible for a bidirectional transport of adenosine and the uptake or release of this nucleoside appears to be regulated by different signaling pathways that are also controlled by activation of adenosine receptors. Adenosine also inhibits wakefulness-promoting histaminergic and hypocretinergic neurons in the posterior and lateral hypothalamus, and increases the activity of anterior hypothalamic GABAergic neurons that promote sleep. Whether similar adducts are formed in vivo remains to be determined. Effects of adenosine 5′-triphosphate on ventricular escape rhythm in the canine heart.
This chapter will summarize the therapeutic potential and recent SAR and pharmacology of adenosine and its receptor agonists and antagonists. Microinjection of A2a agonist into the pontine reticular formation increases ACh release and increases REM sleep. Afterdepolarizations and triggered activity: distinction from automaticity as an arrhythmogenic mechanism. Effect of adenosine triphosphate on the accessory pathways.
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