Strategically important, it was fought over ferociously during the First Battle of Ypres in 1914, and again the following year during the Second Battle of Ypres. The British had taken the high ground around Ypres and advanced five miles. Dr Ian McGibbon ONZM is the author of New Zealand’s Western Front Campaign (2016), Little can be taken for granted when it comes to the truth, Read Ian McGibbon's Western Front Campaign book. Once men were evacuated from the front, units had little knowledge of their disposition. This painting by Lieutenant Richard Talbot Kelly shows the difficulties artillery crews had in getting ammunition to their guns due to the rain. He wrote in his report after the battle, ‘The ultimate destruction of the enemy’s field forces has been brought appreciably nearer.’ But simply eroding German strength wasn’t what he had set out to do at the beginning of the battle: he had wanted a breakthrough. Jack Bassett had been born in Britain and emigrated to Australia before the First World War. In the low ground west of the Passchendaele Ridge three months of constant shelling had blocked the watercourses that normally provided drainage. Image courtesy of Alexander Turnbull Library, Ref: 1/2-012979-G. Passchendaele would be the third - and largest - major battle in the area in three years. On an unsuspecting enemy, Britain unleashed its new secret weapon - the tank.

The execution dates of the phases were tentatively given as 26 October, 30 October and 6 November, with a smaller action later executed on 10 November. But was the return worth it?

Nine Victoria Crosses , the highest military decoration for valour awarded to British and Commonwealth forces, were awarded to Canadians for actions during the battle. He fought on the Western Front from 1916, and at Polygon Wood in October 1917.

The battle has been argued about ever since 1917. [1], The Second Battle of Passchendaele was the culminating and final attack of the Third Battle of Ypres during World War I. Rain once again hindered any attempts at attack. Passchendaele ridge was finally captured on 10 November. In 1918, to better organise their defence in the face of the German Spring Offensive, the British abandoned their positions on the Passchendaele ridge without firing a shot. It affected the British and French, as they tried to advance across heavily contested ground, more than the German defenders. They occupied a bulge in the lines of trenches, known as a salient. Scene includes soldiers gathered around an ambulance and a wounded soldier laying on a stretcher on the muddy ground. A shell exploded nearby and, while he suffered internal injuries, he survived. This was possible because all the NZEF personal files are now digitised and available on the website of Archives New Zealand. But it did not learn the lessons from the Somme the previous year, or take into account the army's strained resources after the Arras offensive earlier in 1917. On 31 July 1917, the British and French launched a massive offensive in the area around Ypres in the Belgian province of Flanders. In his official history The New Zealand Division 1916–1919 (1921), Hugh Stewart gives a figure of 640 dead (among 2,700 casualties). German army respirator captured by the Connaught Rangers at Langemarck, August 1917.

There are 1,796 NZEF men buried or commemorated in Belgium in October 1917.

The battle ended with a final German counter-attack on 25 September, again repulsed without serious problems. Historian Ian McGibbon explains how he determined the number of men who actually lost their lives as a result of the attack on 12 October 1917.

National Army Museum, Royal Hospital Road, London, SW3 4HTRegistered Charity Number: 237902, Commonwealth soldiers on the Western Front. But it provided the Army with a tough lesson in how to fight a large-scale modern war. But was the return worth it? [11] In modern terms, it is found located on the aptly named 'Canadalaan' on the southwest fringe of Passendale village. The blocks are essentially identical, carved with wreathes on two opposing sides and inscribed with the phrase "HONOUR TO THE CANADIANS WHO ON THE FIELDS OF FLANDERS AND FRANCE FOUGHT IN THE CAUSE OF THE ALLIES WITH SACRIFICE AND DEVOTION" around the base. Map of the area around Ypres, Belgium, 1917. He survived the battle, but his health collapsed and he was invalided from service in October 1918. German prisoners captured during the Battle of the Menin Road, 1917. The commission decided Allward's monumental design would be used at Vimy Ridge in France as it was the most dramatic location. Image courtesy of Alexander Turnbull Library, Ref: 1/2-012979-G. This leaves a figure of 843 for those who died on 12 October as a result of the attack. [9][10] Situated on key points of the battlefield they memorialize, the central feature of the memorials would be a 13 tonne cube-shaped block of white-grey granite quarried near Stanstead Quebec. This attack, working with the French, would culminate in the conquest of the Belgian coast and would help to alleviate the growing threat of the German submarines operating from Belgian ports. Despite the objections of General Sir Arthur Currie, commander of the Canadian Corps, the Canadians were committed to battle on 26 October. Ypres was probably the most dangerous area for British soldiers on the whole Western Front. The Menin Road operation was a success. King, DSO, killed at Passchendaele on 12 October 1917. A wounded NZ soldier on a stretcher in Belgium, late 1917. It took five attempts before he was accepted.

Aerial photographs of Passchendaele, 1 October and 12 November 1917. Most of Plumer’s objectives were captured on the first day. German counter-attacks were repulsed on the first and second days of the operation. In all, I identified 114 men who succumbed to wounds they incurred on 12 October in the ensuing three months.

Was it a victory or a defeat? The advancing troops would stop once they had penetrated 1,500 yards into the German lines. The First Battle of Passchendaele took place on 12 October 1917 during the First World War, in the Ypres Salient on the Western Front.The attack was part of the Third Battle of Ypres and was fought west of Passchendaele village. The Canadian Corps operation was executed in series of three attacks each with limited objectives, delivered at intervals of three or more days. Panoramic view of the Passchendaele battlefield, August 1917. At this point they would dig in, and another wave of attacking troops would pass through them to attack the next objective. With the British Army's earlier attempts to break through on a wide front having been halted by the deep German defence system, Plumer instead selected for attack a small part of the German front line. In terms of lives lost in a single day, 12 October 1917 ranks as the most catastrophic in the country’s post-1840 history. The second of two attacks made by New Zealand troops during the Third Battle of Ypres, it was a disastrous fiasco. Haig aimed to capture the high ground surrounding Ypres, including the Passchendaele ridge, through a series of smaller battles. The rain continued and quickly turned a landscape already smashed by three years of fighting into a swampy quagmire. With 843 deaths in just a few hours, Passchendaele has become a byword for the horror of the First World War. At Langemarck (16-18 August 1917), the French once again made substantial gains and the British were also able to take some ground, but German counter-attacks forced them back. Surrounded by the Germans on three sides and overlooked by high ground, it was very vulnerable to German fire. Men listed as missing were sometimes being treated in medical facilities, which were not necessarily New Zealand ambulance units.

The original attackers would then consolidate the ground they had taken, and become the new reserve for future advances. 1900s Most of the 109 men who were buried or commemorated in France in that month were also victims of the battle. As a result, the whole Passchendaele offensive was postponed for several days. Soldiers of 3rd Battalion, New Zealand Rifle Brigade, in muddy conditions at "Clapham Junction", Belgium, circa 20 November 1917. The grave of Lieutenant Colonel George A. Could, or should, the battle have been called off earlier rather than fighting on in such atrocious conditions?
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Strategically important, it was fought over ferociously during the First Battle of Ypres in 1914, and again the following year during the Second Battle of Ypres. The British had taken the high ground around Ypres and advanced five miles. Dr Ian McGibbon ONZM is the author of New Zealand’s Western Front Campaign (2016), Little can be taken for granted when it comes to the truth, Read Ian McGibbon's Western Front Campaign book. Once men were evacuated from the front, units had little knowledge of their disposition. This painting by Lieutenant Richard Talbot Kelly shows the difficulties artillery crews had in getting ammunition to their guns due to the rain. He wrote in his report after the battle, ‘The ultimate destruction of the enemy’s field forces has been brought appreciably nearer.’ But simply eroding German strength wasn’t what he had set out to do at the beginning of the battle: he had wanted a breakthrough. Jack Bassett had been born in Britain and emigrated to Australia before the First World War. In the low ground west of the Passchendaele Ridge three months of constant shelling had blocked the watercourses that normally provided drainage. Image courtesy of Alexander Turnbull Library, Ref: 1/2-012979-G. Passchendaele would be the third - and largest - major battle in the area in three years. On an unsuspecting enemy, Britain unleashed its new secret weapon - the tank.

The execution dates of the phases were tentatively given as 26 October, 30 October and 6 November, with a smaller action later executed on 10 November. But was the return worth it?

Nine Victoria Crosses , the highest military decoration for valour awarded to British and Commonwealth forces, were awarded to Canadians for actions during the battle. He fought on the Western Front from 1916, and at Polygon Wood in October 1917.

The battle has been argued about ever since 1917. [1], The Second Battle of Passchendaele was the culminating and final attack of the Third Battle of Ypres during World War I. Rain once again hindered any attempts at attack. Passchendaele ridge was finally captured on 10 November. In 1918, to better organise their defence in the face of the German Spring Offensive, the British abandoned their positions on the Passchendaele ridge without firing a shot. It affected the British and French, as they tried to advance across heavily contested ground, more than the German defenders. They occupied a bulge in the lines of trenches, known as a salient. Scene includes soldiers gathered around an ambulance and a wounded soldier laying on a stretcher on the muddy ground. A shell exploded nearby and, while he suffered internal injuries, he survived. This was possible because all the NZEF personal files are now digitised and available on the website of Archives New Zealand. But it did not learn the lessons from the Somme the previous year, or take into account the army's strained resources after the Arras offensive earlier in 1917. On 31 July 1917, the British and French launched a massive offensive in the area around Ypres in the Belgian province of Flanders. In his official history The New Zealand Division 1916–1919 (1921), Hugh Stewart gives a figure of 640 dead (among 2,700 casualties). German army respirator captured by the Connaught Rangers at Langemarck, August 1917.

There are 1,796 NZEF men buried or commemorated in Belgium in October 1917.

The battle ended with a final German counter-attack on 25 September, again repulsed without serious problems. Historian Ian McGibbon explains how he determined the number of men who actually lost their lives as a result of the attack on 12 October 1917.

National Army Museum, Royal Hospital Road, London, SW3 4HTRegistered Charity Number: 237902, Commonwealth soldiers on the Western Front. But it provided the Army with a tough lesson in how to fight a large-scale modern war. But was the return worth it? [11] In modern terms, it is found located on the aptly named 'Canadalaan' on the southwest fringe of Passendale village. The blocks are essentially identical, carved with wreathes on two opposing sides and inscribed with the phrase "HONOUR TO THE CANADIANS WHO ON THE FIELDS OF FLANDERS AND FRANCE FOUGHT IN THE CAUSE OF THE ALLIES WITH SACRIFICE AND DEVOTION" around the base. Map of the area around Ypres, Belgium, 1917. He survived the battle, but his health collapsed and he was invalided from service in October 1918. German prisoners captured during the Battle of the Menin Road, 1917. The commission decided Allward's monumental design would be used at Vimy Ridge in France as it was the most dramatic location. Image courtesy of Alexander Turnbull Library, Ref: 1/2-012979-G. This leaves a figure of 843 for those who died on 12 October as a result of the attack. [9][10] Situated on key points of the battlefield they memorialize, the central feature of the memorials would be a 13 tonne cube-shaped block of white-grey granite quarried near Stanstead Quebec. This attack, working with the French, would culminate in the conquest of the Belgian coast and would help to alleviate the growing threat of the German submarines operating from Belgian ports. Despite the objections of General Sir Arthur Currie, commander of the Canadian Corps, the Canadians were committed to battle on 26 October. Ypres was probably the most dangerous area for British soldiers on the whole Western Front. The Menin Road operation was a success. King, DSO, killed at Passchendaele on 12 October 1917. A wounded NZ soldier on a stretcher in Belgium, late 1917. It took five attempts before he was accepted.

Aerial photographs of Passchendaele, 1 October and 12 November 1917. Most of Plumer’s objectives were captured on the first day. German counter-attacks were repulsed on the first and second days of the operation. In all, I identified 114 men who succumbed to wounds they incurred on 12 October in the ensuing three months.

Was it a victory or a defeat? The advancing troops would stop once they had penetrated 1,500 yards into the German lines. The First Battle of Passchendaele took place on 12 October 1917 during the First World War, in the Ypres Salient on the Western Front.The attack was part of the Third Battle of Ypres and was fought west of Passchendaele village. The Canadian Corps operation was executed in series of three attacks each with limited objectives, delivered at intervals of three or more days. Panoramic view of the Passchendaele battlefield, August 1917. At this point they would dig in, and another wave of attacking troops would pass through them to attack the next objective. With the British Army's earlier attempts to break through on a wide front having been halted by the deep German defence system, Plumer instead selected for attack a small part of the German front line. In terms of lives lost in a single day, 12 October 1917 ranks as the most catastrophic in the country’s post-1840 history. The second of two attacks made by New Zealand troops during the Third Battle of Ypres, it was a disastrous fiasco. Haig aimed to capture the high ground surrounding Ypres, including the Passchendaele ridge, through a series of smaller battles. The rain continued and quickly turned a landscape already smashed by three years of fighting into a swampy quagmire. With 843 deaths in just a few hours, Passchendaele has become a byword for the horror of the First World War. At Langemarck (16-18 August 1917), the French once again made substantial gains and the British were also able to take some ground, but German counter-attacks forced them back. Surrounded by the Germans on three sides and overlooked by high ground, it was very vulnerable to German fire. Men listed as missing were sometimes being treated in medical facilities, which were not necessarily New Zealand ambulance units.

The original attackers would then consolidate the ground they had taken, and become the new reserve for future advances. 1900s Most of the 109 men who were buried or commemorated in France in that month were also victims of the battle. As a result, the whole Passchendaele offensive was postponed for several days. Soldiers of 3rd Battalion, New Zealand Rifle Brigade, in muddy conditions at "Clapham Junction", Belgium, circa 20 November 1917. The grave of Lieutenant Colonel George A. Could, or should, the battle have been called off earlier rather than fighting on in such atrocious conditions?
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battle of passchendaele casualties

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On that day the New Zealand Division assaulted Bellevue Spur at Passchendaele, in Belgium. There would be 38,000 casualties among Australian units fighting in the Passchendaele offensive. In mid-October, with the battle bogging down due to British and Australian exhaustion, the stubborn German defence and the bad weather, Haig sent for the Canadians to make a final push and try to salvage a victory. Shows one reading jokes from the publication "NZ at the Front" to a wounded man on a stretcher. It was an ambitious and risky plan. The British suffered 300,000 casualties fighting for Passchendaele, and inflicted around 260,000 on the Germans. In 1917, British positions in Belgium were based around the city of Ypres, where they had been since the beginning of the First World War (1914-18).

Strategically important, it was fought over ferociously during the First Battle of Ypres in 1914, and again the following year during the Second Battle of Ypres. The British had taken the high ground around Ypres and advanced five miles. Dr Ian McGibbon ONZM is the author of New Zealand’s Western Front Campaign (2016), Little can be taken for granted when it comes to the truth, Read Ian McGibbon's Western Front Campaign book. Once men were evacuated from the front, units had little knowledge of their disposition. This painting by Lieutenant Richard Talbot Kelly shows the difficulties artillery crews had in getting ammunition to their guns due to the rain. He wrote in his report after the battle, ‘The ultimate destruction of the enemy’s field forces has been brought appreciably nearer.’ But simply eroding German strength wasn’t what he had set out to do at the beginning of the battle: he had wanted a breakthrough. Jack Bassett had been born in Britain and emigrated to Australia before the First World War. In the low ground west of the Passchendaele Ridge three months of constant shelling had blocked the watercourses that normally provided drainage. Image courtesy of Alexander Turnbull Library, Ref: 1/2-012979-G. Passchendaele would be the third - and largest - major battle in the area in three years. On an unsuspecting enemy, Britain unleashed its new secret weapon - the tank.

The execution dates of the phases were tentatively given as 26 October, 30 October and 6 November, with a smaller action later executed on 10 November. But was the return worth it?

Nine Victoria Crosses , the highest military decoration for valour awarded to British and Commonwealth forces, were awarded to Canadians for actions during the battle. He fought on the Western Front from 1916, and at Polygon Wood in October 1917.

The battle has been argued about ever since 1917. [1], The Second Battle of Passchendaele was the culminating and final attack of the Third Battle of Ypres during World War I. Rain once again hindered any attempts at attack. Passchendaele ridge was finally captured on 10 November. In 1918, to better organise their defence in the face of the German Spring Offensive, the British abandoned their positions on the Passchendaele ridge without firing a shot. It affected the British and French, as they tried to advance across heavily contested ground, more than the German defenders. They occupied a bulge in the lines of trenches, known as a salient. Scene includes soldiers gathered around an ambulance and a wounded soldier laying on a stretcher on the muddy ground. A shell exploded nearby and, while he suffered internal injuries, he survived. This was possible because all the NZEF personal files are now digitised and available on the website of Archives New Zealand. But it did not learn the lessons from the Somme the previous year, or take into account the army's strained resources after the Arras offensive earlier in 1917. On 31 July 1917, the British and French launched a massive offensive in the area around Ypres in the Belgian province of Flanders. In his official history The New Zealand Division 1916–1919 (1921), Hugh Stewart gives a figure of 640 dead (among 2,700 casualties). German army respirator captured by the Connaught Rangers at Langemarck, August 1917.

There are 1,796 NZEF men buried or commemorated in Belgium in October 1917.

The battle ended with a final German counter-attack on 25 September, again repulsed without serious problems. Historian Ian McGibbon explains how he determined the number of men who actually lost their lives as a result of the attack on 12 October 1917.

National Army Museum, Royal Hospital Road, London, SW3 4HTRegistered Charity Number: 237902, Commonwealth soldiers on the Western Front. But it provided the Army with a tough lesson in how to fight a large-scale modern war. But was the return worth it? [11] In modern terms, it is found located on the aptly named 'Canadalaan' on the southwest fringe of Passendale village. The blocks are essentially identical, carved with wreathes on two opposing sides and inscribed with the phrase "HONOUR TO THE CANADIANS WHO ON THE FIELDS OF FLANDERS AND FRANCE FOUGHT IN THE CAUSE OF THE ALLIES WITH SACRIFICE AND DEVOTION" around the base. Map of the area around Ypres, Belgium, 1917. He survived the battle, but his health collapsed and he was invalided from service in October 1918. German prisoners captured during the Battle of the Menin Road, 1917. The commission decided Allward's monumental design would be used at Vimy Ridge in France as it was the most dramatic location. Image courtesy of Alexander Turnbull Library, Ref: 1/2-012979-G. This leaves a figure of 843 for those who died on 12 October as a result of the attack. [9][10] Situated on key points of the battlefield they memorialize, the central feature of the memorials would be a 13 tonne cube-shaped block of white-grey granite quarried near Stanstead Quebec. This attack, working with the French, would culminate in the conquest of the Belgian coast and would help to alleviate the growing threat of the German submarines operating from Belgian ports. Despite the objections of General Sir Arthur Currie, commander of the Canadian Corps, the Canadians were committed to battle on 26 October. Ypres was probably the most dangerous area for British soldiers on the whole Western Front. The Menin Road operation was a success. King, DSO, killed at Passchendaele on 12 October 1917. A wounded NZ soldier on a stretcher in Belgium, late 1917. It took five attempts before he was accepted.

Aerial photographs of Passchendaele, 1 October and 12 November 1917. Most of Plumer’s objectives were captured on the first day. German counter-attacks were repulsed on the first and second days of the operation. In all, I identified 114 men who succumbed to wounds they incurred on 12 October in the ensuing three months.

Was it a victory or a defeat? The advancing troops would stop once they had penetrated 1,500 yards into the German lines. The First Battle of Passchendaele took place on 12 October 1917 during the First World War, in the Ypres Salient on the Western Front.The attack was part of the Third Battle of Ypres and was fought west of Passchendaele village. The Canadian Corps operation was executed in series of three attacks each with limited objectives, delivered at intervals of three or more days. Panoramic view of the Passchendaele battlefield, August 1917. At this point they would dig in, and another wave of attacking troops would pass through them to attack the next objective. With the British Army's earlier attempts to break through on a wide front having been halted by the deep German defence system, Plumer instead selected for attack a small part of the German front line. In terms of lives lost in a single day, 12 October 1917 ranks as the most catastrophic in the country’s post-1840 history. The second of two attacks made by New Zealand troops during the Third Battle of Ypres, it was a disastrous fiasco. Haig aimed to capture the high ground surrounding Ypres, including the Passchendaele ridge, through a series of smaller battles. The rain continued and quickly turned a landscape already smashed by three years of fighting into a swampy quagmire. With 843 deaths in just a few hours, Passchendaele has become a byword for the horror of the First World War. At Langemarck (16-18 August 1917), the French once again made substantial gains and the British were also able to take some ground, but German counter-attacks forced them back. Surrounded by the Germans on three sides and overlooked by high ground, it was very vulnerable to German fire. Men listed as missing were sometimes being treated in medical facilities, which were not necessarily New Zealand ambulance units.

The original attackers would then consolidate the ground they had taken, and become the new reserve for future advances. 1900s Most of the 109 men who were buried or commemorated in France in that month were also victims of the battle. As a result, the whole Passchendaele offensive was postponed for several days. Soldiers of 3rd Battalion, New Zealand Rifle Brigade, in muddy conditions at "Clapham Junction", Belgium, circa 20 November 1917. The grave of Lieutenant Colonel George A. Could, or should, the battle have been called off earlier rather than fighting on in such atrocious conditions?

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