The Commonwealth realms are sovereign states. However, each country now operates under the Westminster system of parliamentary democracy and the concept of responsible government, meaning that the monarch only exercises her powers on the advice of her Crown ministers, who are usually drawn from, and thus responsible to, the elected lower house of the relevant parliament. Dates indicate the year each country became a dominion or Commonwealth realm. All are members of the Commonwealth of Nations, an intergovernmental organisation of 54 independent member states. In the United Kingdom, the Queen appoints Counsellors of State to perform her constitutional duties in her absence. A high commissioner's full title will thus be High Commissioner for Her Majesty's Government in [Country]. [60], The prime ministers of five Commonwealth countries at the 1944 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference; from left to right: William Lyon Mackenzie King (Canada), Jan Smuts (South Africa), Winston Churchill (United Kingdom), Peter Fraser (New Zealand), and John Curtin (Australia), During his tenure as Governor General of Canada, the Lord Tweedsmuir urged the organisation of a royal tour of the country by King George VI, so that he might not only appear in person before his people, but also personally perform constitutional duties and pay a state visit to the United States as king of Canada. School children were among the most vociferous greeters of the royal couple throughout the tour.jpg, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines constitutional referendum, 2009, Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations, Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State, http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchAndCommonwealth/QueenandCommonwealth/WhatisaCommonwealthRealm.aspx, http://www.royal.gov.uk/HMTheQueen/HMTheQueen.aspx, http://laws.justice.gc.ca/fr/showdoc/cs/R-12/se:1::se:2/20090503/fr?page=1, http://www.paclii.org/ck/legis/num_act/cotci327/, Some Visual Aspects of the Monarchical Tradition, "The King and the Imperial Crown: The Powers and Duties of His Majesty", http://books.google.ca/books?id=FhFyvhpPx8MC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false, http://books.google.ca/books?id=kY-Tk0-quyoC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false, http://books.google.com/?id=tNYsAAAAMAAJ&q=personal+union, http://books.google.com/?id=3ktOAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22United+Kingdom+and+Canada%22+%22personal+union%22&q=%22The+United+Kingdom+and+Canada+are+to+be%22, http://books.google.com/?id=xtYSAAAAIAAJ&q=%22personal+union%22, http://www.crownedrepublic.com.au/index.php/australian-crown/personal-union, Black v Chrétien: Suing a Minister of the Crown for Abuse of Power, Misfeasance in Public Office and Negligence, The Sovereignty of the British Dominions: Law Overtakes Practice, Treaty Relations of the British Commonwealth of Nations, http://books.google.com/?id=GjcGAAAAMAAJ&q=%22personal+union%22, Further Reflections on an Australian Republic, http://books.google.com/?id=mN6SzMefot4C&pg=PA289&lpg=PA289&dq=%22overseas+realms%22, http://www.reocities.com/noelcoxfiles/Development_of_Separate_Crown_in_New_Zealand.pdf, http://books.google.ca/books?id=lXwzAAAAIAAJ&q=%22equally+queen%22+%22elizabeth+II%22&dq=%22equally+queen%22+%22elizabeth+II%22&hl=en&ei=fHUhTYuQCsPtnQe98_20Dg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ, http://web.archive.org/web/20080209220704/http://www.monarchist.ca/mc/invisibl.htm, Seals and Symbols: From Substance to Form in Commonwealth Equality, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=420752, http://www.solon.org/Constitutions/Canada/English/StatuteofWestminster.html, "The Last Great Royal Tour: Queen Elizabeth's 1959 Tour to Canada", http://books.google.com/?id=27IggObUC9kC&printsec=frontcover&q=, "The Cook Islands’ unique constitutional and international status", http://www.cookislands.de/files/cookisstatus.pdf, http://www.royal.gov.uk/ThecurrentRoyalFamily/Overview.aspx, http://www.royal.gov.uk/HMTheQueen/Queenandanniversarymessages/Whoisentitled.aspx, "World Who's Who > Reigning Royal Families > United Kingdom", http://www.worldwhoswho.com/public/views/royal_families.html?country=UNITED_KINGDOM, "The Monarchy Today > Queen and State > Queen and Church > Queen and Church of Scotland", http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page4709.asp, "Heraldica > Heraldry and Royalty FAQs > FAQ on British royalty", http://www.heraldica.org/faqs/britfaq.html#p2-2, http://www.sfu.ca/~aheard/324/Independence.html, http://www.difp.ie/docs/Volume3/1927/831.htm, http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1936/en/act/pub/0058/sec0003.html#zza58y1936s3, "Biography and People > A Real Companion and Friend > Behind the Diary > Politics, Themes, and Events from King's Life > The Royal Tour of 1939", http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/king/023011-1070.06-e.html, Fiftieth Anniversary of the 1939 Royal Visit, Menzies' announcement of the declaration of war, "Documents Relating to New Zealand's Participation in the Second World War 1939-45 > 9 - The Governor-General of New Zealand to the Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs", http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2-1Doc-c1-9.html, "Address to the United Nations General Assembly", http://www.royal.gov.uk/LatestNewsandDiary/Speechesandarticles/2010/AddresstotheUnitedNationsGeneralAssembly6July2010.aspx, https://familypedia.wikia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_realm?oldid=607853. Her Majesty is usually present in the host country, during which she has a series of private meetings with the Commonwealth countries’ leaders, attends a CHOGM reception and dinner, at which she makes a speech. The governors-general throughout the Commonwealth realms also each use a personal flag, which, like that of the sovereign, passes to each successive occupant of the office. The Queen keeps in touch with Commonwealth developments through regular contact with the Commonwealth Secretary-General and her Secretariat. Similarly, the monarch will perform ceremonial duties in the Commonwealth realms to mark historically significant events. [50], Today, some realms govern succession by their own domestic laws, while others, either by written clauses in their constitution or by convention, stipulate that whoever is monarch of the United Kingdom is automatically also monarch of that realm. As with the sovereign, a single royal family is shared by the Commonwealth realms, similarly being most frequently referred to in a casual fashion as the British Royal Family, sometimes causing conflict with official national titles, such as in Canada. [36] They do so most frequently in the United Kingdom, and in the other countries during tours at least once every five or six years, meaning the Queen is present in a number of her dominions outside the UK, or acting on behalf of those realms abroad, approximately every other year. Usually the Governor-General signs all acts of parliament into law, but can wait and ask the Queen for advice or wait for her to sign the act herself. [106][107], In addition to the states listed above, the Dominion of Newfoundland was a dominion when the Statute of Westminster 1931 was given royal assent but effectively lost that status in 1934, without ever having assented to the Statute of Westminster, and before the term Commonwealth realm ever came into use. These include Australia, Canada and New … [46]) The Act effected Edward's abdication in the United Kingdom on 11 December; as the Canadian government had requested and consented to the Act becoming part of Canadian law, and Australia and New Zealand had then not yet adopted the Statute of Westminster, the abdication took place in those countries on the same day. But two countries mention the UK in their title for the Queen: Grenada uses "Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Grenada and Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth", while Canada uses the old fashioned form, which reads "by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom, Canada and Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith."
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