Indeed, AIM’s threats are largely forgotten at the park—a brief, fleeting part of its past, dim and unheeded. "[citation needed] A large number of Northern Cheyenne, led by Dull Knife and Standing Elk, surrendered at the Red Cloud Agency on April 21, 1877. Since the park has devoted a huge portion of its exhibit space and interpretive text to army life on the plains—why not share some of it with other perspectives on westward expansion? The Crow Indians' Own Stories. Indian Scouts and Auxiliaries with the United States Army, 1860–90. Troops coming out of Fort Laramie participated in the Great Sioux War of 1876-1877, seeking to force non-treaty Indians onto their reservation, and fighting at Powder River, Rosebud Creek, and Slim Buttes—but not at the Little Bighorn, where the Sioux and Northern Cheyenne defeated Custer’s Seventh Cavalry in June 1876. 192) to the Indian Appropriations Act of 1876 (enacted August 15, 1876) which cut off all rations for the Sioux until they terminated hostilities and ceded the Black Hills to the United States. The buffalo were at the heart of the Indians’ livelihood and indeed of their very culture, and the near-extinction of the nomadic herds left the tribes little alternative to greater dependency on food rations and reservation life. * Park virtual tour: http://archive.cyark.org/projects/FLA/misc/virtualtour/. In 1880–81, most of the Lakota from Canada surrendered at Fort Keogh and Fort Buford. They hoped to gain the people's approval and thereby bring pressure on the Lakota leaders to sign a new treaty. Chapter 14, "Cheyenne Exodus", pp. Much cheaper & more effective than TES or the Guardian. The museum exhibit text and film briefly cover the long period of white civilian use of the old fort after the army left in 1890, including the establishment of the park in 1938, and even quite recent National Park Service historic preservation work. The last combat troops left in March 1890, headed to Fort Logan, at Denver. Then, at a meeting in Washington, D.C., in early November 1875, President Grant and other top officials (including General Sheridan) deliberated on how to deal with the situation. Moreover, in the end, the Park Service itself failed to follow through with its stated support of the “primacy of the Indian story.” Its Denver Office did not override local and staff resistance and force the proposed interpretive changes—further evidence of National Park Service corporate culture’s tendency to adhere to the status quo. 331–59. Assaulted by other government assimilation measures, such as intense pressure to convert to Christianity and forced attendance at Indian schools that required students to speak English language only, tribal reservation life came to include high rates of unemployment, poverty and alcoholism. Smith to Gen. Ord, June 27, 1873, Department of the Platte, Letters Received, National Archives. A great idea, good initiative, poor judgement and little quality control on the design. The delegates refused to sign a new treaty with these stipulations. Tracking the Service through a 35-year career, I know for sure that it has played an "Artful Dodger" elsewhere, although less so now than in years past. We do need to have both sides of the story, but sadly this is political in nature. [citation needed], While military leaders began planning a spring campaign against the Lakota and Northern Cheyenne who had refused to come in, a number of diplomatic efforts were underway in an effort to end the war.
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