joule's law of heating

The electrical resistance offered by the conductor more is the resistance; more will be the heat produced. Pro, CBSE Previous Year Question Paper for Class 10, CBSE Previous Year Question Paper for Class 12.

This is because of the following reasons. If two junctions of a thermocouple are kept at different temperature,an electric current will be induced in the loop.This effect is called Seebeck effect,and emf so developed is known as Seebeck emf or Thermo emf.The magnitude and direction of the emf depends upon the metals used and the temperature difference between hot and cold junctions.The thermo emf induced is given by: Where θ is the temperature difference between hot and cold junctions. The law of heating that answers all these questions is given by Joules Law. Mathematically it is represented as H ∝ I² .Rt. Then it will be found that: [latex]\frac { { H }_{ 1 } }{ { { R }_{ 1 } } } =\frac { { H }_{ 2 } }{ { { R }_{ 2 } } } =\frac { { H }_{ 3 } }{ { { R }_{ 3 } } } \quad [/latex] (c)To verify the third law,the same current I is passed through the same resistance coil R,for different intervals of time and the quantities of heat produced H1,H2,H3 etc in each case are determined .It will be found that: 1:Safety fuse:A safety fuse is a short piece of wire of low melting point.This is made of an alloy of tin and lead.The fuse wire is connected in series with the electrical installation and,when the current in the circuit exceeds the rated value,the fuse wire gets heated to a temperature higher than its melting point.The wire melts and the electric circuit is cut off.The temperature to which the wire gets heated is directly proportional to the cube of the radius.Thus the temperature depends only on the current flowing through the wire and its radius irrespective of its length. Fuse wire is always connected in series in electric circuits. 1 Joule per millisecond = 1000 Watt = 1 kW (kilowatt).

Fuse (the fuse melts down and stops toe current flow in the circuit, minimizing the damage to the household devices). These values give precise values, much accurate to the real values during experiments of heat calculations.

Some more applications of heating effect of electric current are: The incandescent bulb (when its filament is heated it generates light). Normally used filament is Tungsten, which has a very high melting point of 3380°C. It will be found that: [latex]\frac { { H }_{ 1 } }{ { { I }_{ 1 }^{ 2 } } } =\frac { { H }_{ 2 } }{ { { I }_{ 2 }^{ 2 } } } =\frac { { H }_{ 3 } }{ { { I }_{ 3 }^{ 2 } } } \quad i.e\quad \frac { { H } }{ { { I }^{ 2 } } } [/latex] (b):To verify the second law ,the same time t through different resistance coils R1,R2,R3 etc and the corresponding quantities of heat H1,H2,H3 etc are calculated. The boiling point of water increases with increase in pressure and decreases with decrease in pressure. When an electric current passes through a circuit or a conductor, heat is produced. Boiling

Calorimetry also means the measurement of heat but in joules.

The heat produced in a system mainly depends on a major of factors, which are.

Required fields are marked *. This branch of measurement of the temperature of a substance is called thermometry.

Conversion of solid into liquid state at constant temperature is called melting. A quantitative form of Joule’s law is that the heat evolved per second, or the electric power loss, P, equals the current I squared times the resistance R, or P = I 2 R. The power P has units of watts, or joules per second, when the current is expressed in amperes and the resistance in ohms. Thermometry and Calorimetry:

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In a conductor when an electric field is applied across its ends, the free electrons available in it start drifting opposite to the direction of the electric field. The original Joule experiment consists of a receptacle filled with water and a mechanism with spinning plates. The thermometer is a device used to check the temperature of an object. (a):Let W be the total water equivalent of the calorimeter (including the calorimeter,stirrer and water ) and T1 the initial temperature.A current of I1 amperes is passed for a known interval of time (about 15 to 20 minutes) and the final temperature T2 (after correcting for the loss of heat by radiation ) is noted.Then,the quantity of heat produced =HI=W[θ1 -θ2].Similarly,the experiment is repeated with different values of current I2,I3 etc. If two sections of a conductor are at different temperatures then emf is developed between these two sections.This effect is known as “Thomson effect”. 1 Joule per microsecond = 1000000 W = 1 MW (megawatt). The process of change of state from liquid to solid is called fusion. Fuse wire is an alloy which contains 37% lead and 63% tin. The value of the mechanical equivalent of heat depends on the value of the work done to the system and the heat produced by it. When a voltage V is applied between the ends of the conductor, resulting in the flow of current I, the free electrons are accelerated. Evaporation

Electric arc and electric welding are also based on the heating effect of electrical current. (a) State and explain Joule's law of heating.

(b) A resistance of 4 0 ohms and one of 6 0 ohms are arranged in series across 2 2 0 volt supply.

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