peshmerga weapons

See why nearly a quarter of a million subscribers begin their day with the Starting 5. They also stress that Baghdad was blocking all arms from reaching the KRG, emphasizing the need for weapons to be sent directly to the KRG and not through Baghdad. [58], The Peshmerga are mostly divided among forces loyal to the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and those loyal to the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK),[59] while other, minor Kurdish parties such as the Kurdistan Socialist Democratic Party also have their own small Peshmerga units. [59], The Peshmerga forces are plagued by frequent allegations of corruption, partisanship, nepotism, and fraud. [106] In the KDP, these Peshmerga women have been refused access to the frontline and are mostly used in logistics and management positions,[107] but PUK Peshmerga women are deployed in the front lines and are actively engaged in combat. Peshmerga forces stand guard during a procession to erect a new cross over the Mar Korkeis church, after the original cross was destroyed by Islamic State militants, in the town of Bashiqa, Iraq, November 19, 2016. The equipment is being funded out of $2.6 billion of assistance that the U.S. and other nations have provided to Iraq over the past two years. Iraq's ruling Shiite Muslim coalition on Thursday rejected plans for a referendum on total Kurdish independence, saying such a move would need to be unilateral among all parties in the country, according to Reuters. The peshmerga are being trained to conduct mounted and night operations, casualty collection, convoys and force protection. [57] This was said by the locals as being a contributing factor of the quick ISIS victory in the invasion, and the widespread massacre of Yazidis, who were rendered defenseless by their prior forced disarmament. [100] The PUK started recruiting women during the Kurdish Civil War. Peshmerga forces stand guard near the Mar Korkeis church in the town of Bashiqa, Iraq, November 19. The process of equipping the peshmerga is made more complicated by the need to pull units off the front lines, where they are fighting the Islamic State, so that they can train on the new gear, Mulhern said. The Peshmerga predates Iraq, starting out as a strictly tribal pseudo-military border guard under the Ottomans and Safavids and later changing to a well-trained, disciplined guerrilla force in the 19th century. Unifying and integrating the Peshmerga has been on the public agenda since 1992, but the forces remain divided due to factionalism which has proved to be a major stumbling block. [91][92] Despite this, the United States has maintained that the government of Iraq is responsible for the security of Iraqi Kurdistan and that Baghdad must approve all military aid. [52] The civil war officially ended in September 1998 when Barzani and Talabani signed the Washington Agreement establishing a formal peace treaty. Washington also supports the Kurd-dominated Syrian Democratic Force (SDF) fighting ISIS in neighboring Syria. S. R. Valentine, Peshmerga: Those Who Face Death, KDP, 2018, chapter six.

[56], Women have played a significant role in the Peshmerga since its foundation. [93][94][95][96] A common result of corruption in the Peshmerga are "ghost employees" which are employees on paper who either do not exist or do not show up for work but receive a salary. The firearms in the deal would include 4,400 M16A4 rifles, 46 M2 50-caliber machine guns and 186 M240B machine guns, and the vehicles comprise 36 M1151 Humvees and 77 M1151 up-armored Humvees. [47][48], Historically the Peshmerga existed only as guerrilla organizations, but under the self-declared Republic of Mahabad (1946–1947), the Peshmerga led by Mustafa Barzani became the official army of the republic.

[63][59][33] Each zone has its own branch of Peshmerga with their own governing institutions that do not coordinate with the other branch. There may be times when, after coordination with Baghdad, weapons are delivered to the Kurdish Regional Government, Warren said. © 2020 Stars and Stripes. [108][109][32], Media related to Kurdish Peshmerga at Wikimedia Commons. Simon Ross Valentine, Peshmerga: Those Who Face Death: The Kurdish Army, its History, Development, and the Fight against ISIS, Kindle Direct Publishing, April 2018, 300pp. Several stockpiles of weapons were captured from the old Iraqi Army during the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq, in which Peshmerga forces were active. Both the KDP and the PUK rely heavily on irregulars in times of conflict to increase their ranks. WASHINGTON DC (Kurdistan 24) – “Soon we will provide Peshmerga forces with more than 100 armored Humvees, mortar systems, and other weapons systems,” Col. Myles Caggins, Spokesman for the US-led Coalition, formally known as Combined Joint Task Force-Operation Resolve (CJTF-OIR), told Kurdistan 24, after his press briefing in Erbil on Tuesday. [83] Several stockpiles of weapons were captured from the old Iraqi Army during the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq, in which Peshmerga forces were active. U.S. troops are teaching the Iraqis about U.S. equipment such as the Abrams M1A1 tank but most of the training is being done by troops from other nations, Novalis said. Since the Iraqi Army is forbidden by Iraqi law to enter the Kurdistan Region,[26][27] the Peshmerga, along with their security subsidiaries, are responsible for the security of Kurdistan Region. Iraq's prime minister, Haider al-Abadi, on Wednesday approved a new joint operation by peshmerga forces and the majority-Shiite Muslim, Iran-backed Popular Mobilization Units, also known as Al-Hashd Al-Shaabi, to secure the town of Hawija, an outpost of jihadist activity from which ISIS has launched sleeper cell attacks. [59] Media outlets have speculated that there are between 150,000 and 200,000 Peshmerga, but this number is highly disputed. [33][64], As a result of the split nature of the Peshmerga forces, there is no central command center in charge of the entire force, and Peshmerga units instead follow separate military hierarchies depending on political allegiance. robson.seth@stripes.com [32] During the Iraqi–Kurdish conflict the majority of women served within the Peshmerga in supporting roles such as building camps, taking care of the wounded, and carrying munitions and messages. [32], In the months leading up to the US 2003 invasion of Iraq, the United States launched Operation Viking Hammer which dealt a huge blow to Islamic terrorist groups in Iraqi Kurdistan and uncovered a chemical weapons facility. [59] However, officers continue to report to and take orders from their party leaders who also control the deployment of forces loyal to them and appoint front-line and sector commanders[33]. [65] Multiple unification and depoliticizing efforts of the Peshmerga have been made since 1992. Gen. John E. Novalis II, deputy commander of the 101st Airborne Division, said this week that the U.S.-led coalition is providing the peshmerga with a significant amount of new gear as it prepares to take part in a planned assault to recapture the city of Mosul from the Islamic State. Mortar crews learn to hit targets beyond the line of sight, he said. “We don’t just hand them 400 M-16s and go. The brigade sets have been arriving for several months, he said. The Kurds and other Iraqis have been through a lot of political turmoil, he said. There is a smattering of M4s across Asyesh. The Kurdish Zand tribe was known for allowing women in military roles. The State Department has approved the delivery of nearly $300 million of weapons to Kurdish peshmerga units as they join forces with Iran-backed Shiite Muslim militias in a new anti-ISIS offensive. [76][77] However, after increasing tension between Erbil and Baghdad regarding the disputed areas, the transfer was largely put on hold. Some Peshmerga were already transferred but reportedly deserted again, and there are allegations that former Peshmerga forces remained loyal to the KRG rather than their Iraqi chain of command; regardless, thousands of members of the 80 Unit of KDP and the 70 Unit of PUK are based in Baghdad, and they have good cooperation with other Iraqi forces in Baghdad.
CJFLCC-I PUBLIC AFFAIRS, US advisers training Iraqi troops, peshmerga on front lines against Islamic State. Up-armored peshmerga truck at Makhmour, Iraq, on Sunday, April 10, 2016. [50] As tension increased between KDP and PUK, most Peshmerga fought to keep a region under their own party's control while also fighting off Iraqi Army incursions. In reality, the Peshmerga force itself is largely divided and controlled separately by the two regional political parties: Democratic Party of Kurdistan and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan. [45], The Kurdish warrior tradition of rebellion has existed for thousands of years along with aspirations for independence, and early Kurdish warriors fought against the various Persian empires, the Ottoman Empire and the British Empire. Correction: Number of "Building Partner Capacity" training sites overseen by Novalis changed from 14 to five. It’s a vulnerability that became apparent during the civil war in the 1990s when Iran delivered heavy weapons to the PUK. Those setting up such a scam split the salary of these employees. IRBIL, Iraq — America and its coalition partners have begun arming the Kurdish peshmerga with heavy weapons such as armored personnel carriers, mortars and anti-tank weaponry to bolster their capability against the Islamic State. ERBIL, Kurdistan Region – Peshmerga officers in Erbil have completed a month-long counter-chemical weapons training course under the supervisor of the German military.

[66] However, both maintain several professional military brigades. “So far it’s pretty darn effective,” he said.

[61][62] Peshmerga have divided Kurdistan Region into a KDP-governed "yellow" zone covering Dohuk Governorate and Erbil Governorate and a PUK-governed "green" zone covering Sulaymaniyah Governorate and Halabja Governorate. In 2014 the KDP used its Peshmerga to stop ministers from the Gorran Movement to enter Erbil and attend parliament. Nov 28, 2016 BASHIQA, Iraq — When the offensive began on Oct. 17 to retake Mosul from the Islamic State (IS), peshmerga infantryman Nechevan Goran grabbed his AK-47 and headed to a mountain base overlooking Bashiqa, then also held by IS.
They also receive specialized training based on their jobs. In Iraq, most of these Peshmerga were led by Mustafa Barzani of the Kurdistan Democratic Party. Unlike other militia forces, the Peshmerga were never prohibited by Iraqi law. Peshmerga units are part of a coalition attempting to oust ISIS from the northwestern Iraqi city of Mosul, where the jihadists' leader announced the establishment of his global caliphate in 2014. [89][90] However, Kurdish officials and Peshmerga stressed that they were not receiving enough.

Peshmerga forces stand guard near the Mar Korkeis church in the town of Bashiqa, Iraq, November 19. Another Baghdad-based member of the 101st Lt. Col. Cory J. Mulhern, said the brigade sets include logistical, recovery and medical vehicles. [59] This became apparent during the ISIS offensive in 2014 where the Peshmerga found itself lacking ambulances and frontline field hospitals, forcing wounded fighters to walk back to safety. Col. Steve Warren, spokesman for the U.S.-led international coalition targeting the Islamic State, said Wednesday the Iraqi government still approves all arms deliveries. The Kurds, meanwhile, had complained that the central government was holding up delivery of coalition-supplied equipment. [44] The word is understandable to Persian speakers. [59] Thus there is no reliable number of how many Peshmerga fighters exist.

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