After 1806, the empire's constituent parts effectively became principalities, and the cultural unity that had hitherto existed between the Malay Peninsula and the islands of Riau-Lingga was gradually destroyed. While Bendahara Tun Ali had acknowledged Abdul Rahman as his overlord, the Anglo-Dutch Treaty confined the Sultan to Riau-Lingga, where he was deemed a vassal of the Dutch, and prevented him from exercising his control over the Malay Peninsula, which had come under the British. Malaysia’s monarchy is unlike any other in the world. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong, translating to ‘He Who is Made Lord’, is one of the state Sultans who is elected to become the symbolic head of Malays and Islam in Malaysia. Both the Federated and Unfederated States later joined the Straits Settlements along with Sabah and Sarawak forming modern-day Malaysia. Will antibody therapies help control covid-19? The country has nine sultans, who as well as reigning ceremonially in their own states take it in turns to serve five-year terms as Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the head of state of the entire country. He was proclaimed Yang di-Pertuan Agong on 13 December 2016. At the height of its influence, the Sultanate was an important power in Southeast Asian history and controlled the entire Pahang basin, bordering to the north, the Pattani Sultanate, and adjoins to that of Johor Sultanate to the south. [14] The area around Pahang formed a part of the hereditary domains attached to this title and administered directly by the Raja Bendahara. The sultans meet three times a year and are considered guardians of the culture and religion of the ethnic-Malay majority, though they have little formal authority. In short, after centuries of rule, the Sultans lost their power and influence in their states on everything apart from Islam. Out of the 13 national states, nine feature a Sultan who acts as the leader and head of Islam in his state. The Conference of Rulers also elected Sultan Nazrin Muizzuddin Shah of Perak as the Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong, translating to ‘He Who is Made Lord’, is one of the state Sultans who is elected to become the symbolic head of Malays and Islam in Malaysia. The current sultan is Al-Sultan Abdullah ibni Sultan Ahmad Shah. [13], After a period of union with Johor, the autonomous Pahang Kingdom came into existence with the consolidation of power by the Bendahara family, following the gradual dismemberment of Johor Empire. With the decline of Aceh, Johor-Pahang gradually extend its suzerainty over the Riau-Lingga islands. The weakening of the Johor sultanate and the disputed succession to the throne was matched by an increasing independence of the great territorial magnates; the Bendahara in Pahang, the Temenggong in Johor and Singapore, and the Yamtuan Muda in Riau. A look at what is probably the world’s oddest monarchy. His appointment was accepted by Johor chiefs based on an understanding that the Bendahara would succeed to the throne if the Sultan died without heirs. When Mahmud Shah II died in 1699, Bendahara Tun Abdul Jalil became Sultan of Johor-Pahang-Riau-Lingga and assumed the title Sultan Abdul Jalil Shah IV. The public supported this move after various scandals emerged involving the then Sultan of Johor being acquitted of manslaughter on the grounds of political immunity. The opposition fears that heavily gerrymandered elections, due in 2018 but generally expected to take place this year, will hand Mr Najib’s party (which has led Malaysia for 60 years) yet another term in power. The Sultan is also the Head of Islam in Johor state. All rights reserved. He is the first person to … Sultan of Pahang is the title of the hereditary constitutional head of Pahang, Malaysia. The state Sultans elect a new Yang di-Pertuan Agong every five years, forming the world’s only rotational monarchy. He was proclaimed Sultan of Kelantan on 13 September 2010, succeeding his father, Sultan Ismail Petra, who was deemed incapacitated by illness. All this has prompted some Malaysians to wonder whether the country’s several sultans could be persuaded to intervene. He is the Head of Islam in the state and the source of all titles, honours and dignities in the state. Kedah. The signing of Anglo-Dutch Treaty in 1824 further undermined the cohesion of the Johor-Pahang-Riau-Lingga empire and contributed to the emergence of Pahang and Johor as independent states. Although their influence is ticking up, the sultans are hardly popular or powerful enough to tie the hands of Mr Najib’s administration; they would probably emerge diminished from the constitutional crisis any such efforts would engender. Installed as Abdul Jalil Riayat Shah III, he reigned until 1677. The current sultan is Al-Sultan Abdullah ibni Sultan Ahmad Shah. Sultan of Johor-Pahang-Riau-Lingga (Johor Empire), Arms of His Royal Highness the Sultan of Pahang, Abdullah Ri'ayatuddin Al-Mustafa Billah Shah, Al-Sultan Abdullah ibni Sultan Ahmad Shah, Abdullah Ri’ayatuddin Al-Mustafa Billah Shah, "Malaysia crowns Sultan Abdullah as 16th King", "Sultan Abdullah proclaimed Pahang sultan", "From Pre-Malaccan period to present day", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sultan_of_Pahang&oldid=969179043, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 23 July 2020, at 20:54. Historically, the title was also used by rulers of the Old Pahang Sultanate. However, in recent times the tables have turned again and the Sultans are trying to reassert their former influence. Full and frank debate about these kinds of interventions is made fraught by an archaic law on “sedition”, which occasionally sees jail sentences handed to Malaysians accused of insulting royalty. He was able to maintain peace and stability during his reign, but his death in 1858 precipitated civil war among his sons, Tun Mutahir and Tun Ahmad, the result of which the formation of modern Pahang Sultanate. In Johor, a southern state just across the causeway from Singapore, the prerogatives of palace and parliament have sometimes blurred—notably in 2015, when the outspoken local sultan (the eldest son of Sultan Iskandar) appeared to order state lawmakers to forbid the sale of e-cigarettes. He is the Head of Islam in the state and the source of all titles, honours and dignities in the state.
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